IELTS academic

ielts_academic IELTS – специальный экзамен для тестирования навыков владения английским языком. Он нужен тем, кто планирует жить, учиться или работать за рубежом, в частности, в англоязычных странах (хотя этот тест принимают образовательные учреждения и в ряде стран, где английский язык не является официальным).

В ходе теста проверяют навыки чтения, письма, понимания устной речи на слух и устного общения. Тест этот был создан в 90-х годах, сегодня же им пользуются по всему миру.

IELTS academic test

Есть два варианта экзамена: IELTS General Training и IELTS Academic. IELTS Academic Test потребуется вам в том случае, если вы планируете получать высшее образование за рубежом, в англоязычном вузе.

Части Listening и Speaking в обеих версиях теста одинаковы, а вот Reading и Writing отличаются. Тут нужно будет уметь анализировать текст, работать с графиками и диаграммами, делать выводы и т.д. В подготовке к аудированию могут помочь учебники READY FOR IELTS WB и READY FOR IELTS COURSE BOOK.

Для оценки используется десятибалльная шкала (от 0 до 9, где 0 – кандидат не сдал ответы, а 9 обозначает точное и полное владение языком).

Экзамен длится чуть меньше 3 часов и состоит из следующих частей:

Listening (Аудирование). Кандидаты прослушивают 4 аудиозаписи и отвечают на 40 вопросов. Продолжительность – 30 минут. и 10 – для того, что бы перенести свои ответы из бланка с заданиями в anwser sheet, который выглядит вот так:

Примеры заданий:
http://www.ielts-exam.net/practice_tests/35/IELTS_Listening_Section_4/289// http://www.ielts-exam.net/practice_tests/35/IELTS_Listening_Section_1/286/ http://www.ielts-exam.net/practice_tests/35/IELTS_Listening_Section_2/287/ http://www.ielts-exam.net/practice_tests/35/IELTS_Listening_Section_3/288/

Reading (Чтение). Кандидаты знакомятся с тремя текстами, которые могут включать в себя графики и диаграммы. В заданиях используется лексика, которую вы найдете словаре для IELTS academic. После этого кандидаты отвечают на 40 вопросов. Продолжительность этой части – 60 минут.

Примеры заданий:
The Risks of Cigarette Smoke Discovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’, the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions. In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused morethan 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today. Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains moresmaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke inthe highest risk category for causing cancer. As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence. A more recent study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers. Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs. The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers’own earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking. The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking. It further states that people who do not smoke do not have the benefit of their system adapting to the smoke inhalation. Consequently, the effects of passive smoking are far greater onnon-smokers than on smokers. This report emphasizes that cancer is not caused by a single element in cigarette smoke; harmful effects to health are caused by many components. Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart. Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body. The researchers criticize the practice of some scientific consultants who work with the tobacco industry for assumingthat cigarette smoke has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers. They argue that those scientists are underestimating the damage done by passive smoking and, in support of their recent findings, cite some previous research which points to passive smoking as the cause for between 30,000 and 60,000 deaths from heart attacks each year in the United States. This means that passive smoking is the third most preventable cause of death after active smoking and alcohol-related diseases. The study argues that the type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken against illegal drugs and AIDS (SIDA). The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.

Примеры заданий:

The Risks of Cigarette Smoke

Discovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’, the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.

In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused morethan 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.

Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains moresmaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke inthe highest risk category for causing cancer.

As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.

A more recent study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers. Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs.

The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers’own earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking. The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking. It further states that people who do not smoke do not have the benefit of their system adapting to the smoke inhalation. Consequently, the effects of passive smoking are far greater onnon-smokers than on smokers.

This report emphasizes that cancer is not caused by a single element in cigarette smoke; harmful effects to health are caused by many components. Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart. Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body.

The researchers criticize the practice of some scientific consultants who work with the tobacco industry for assumingthat cigarette smoke has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers. They argue that those scientists are underestimating the damage done by passive smoking and, in support of their recent findings, cite some previous research which points to passive smoking as the cause for between 30,000 and 60,000 deaths from heart attacks each year in the United States. This means that passive smoking is the third most preventable cause of death after active smoking and alcohol-related diseases.

The study argues that the type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken against illegal drugs and AIDS (SIDA). The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.

Speaking (Устная часть). В этой части кандидат общается с экзаменатором устно, рассказывает о себе, потом обсуждает заданную тему. Здесь важно не только владение языком, но и умение свободно и логично общаться с собеседником. Будет полезно знать самые распространенные ошибки кандидатов и как их преодолеть. В это может помочь книга COMMON MISTAKES AT IELTS INT PB.

IELTS academic vocabulary

Если вы сдаете IELTS Academic, то будет недостаточно просто хорошо владеть английским.

Нужно знать и формат экзамена (как показывает практика, только это может повысить оценку на 1-2 балла). С этим помогут справиться учебники по подготовке к IELTS, которые можно приобрести на сайте "TALKSHOP".

Вы можете так же ознакомиться с примером IELTS Academic vocabulary в формате PDF:

Посмотреть пример

Но и этого недостаточно! Если вы планируете получать высшее образование за рубежом, то вы должны владеть специфической лексикой. На данный момент список необходимой лексики для IELTS (Academic word list for IELTS) состоит из 570 терминов, которые были выбраны из-за их частого использования в академических текстах. Вы можете ознакомиться с примерами заданий для этого раздела:

Скачать пример ielts academic pdf

Academic words for IELTS включают лексику по следующим темам: диеты и здоровье, законы, образование, работа, информационные технологии, наука, искусство, окружающая среда, политика, дом и семья.

IELTS academic vocabulary использует слова, встречающиеся в научных статьях, монографиях, учебниках и т.д., т.е. в профессиональной литературе. Поэтому с его помощью можно легко и успешно подготовиться к академической части экзамена. Полезными будут и приложение для смартфонов LanguigeforIELTS, и карточки академического уровня.

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